{"id":95,"date":"2023-05-20T04:59:22","date_gmt":"2023-05-20T04:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/?p=95"},"modified":"2023-05-20T04:59:22","modified_gmt":"2023-05-20T04:59:22","slug":"structure-of-protein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/20\/structure-of-protein\/","title":{"rendered":"Structure of Protein"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Proteins are composed of polymers of\u00a0amino acid\u00a0residues. The amino acids are joined together by\u00a0peptide bonds. Each protein is a linear\u00a0polymer\u00a0built from different\u00a0amino acids. The type and the sequence of\u00a0amino acids\u00a0in a protein are specified by the\u00a0DNA\u00a0in the\u00a0cell\u00a0that produces them. The genetic code typically specifies 20 standard amino acids. However, some organisms, such as archaea, have a genetic code that specifies more. This sequence of\u00a0amino acids\u00a0is essential since it determines the overall structure and function of a protein. Some proteins can form a complex together with another protein. Others form a complex with other biomolecules other than the peptide. Some of these non-peptide groups in a protein are referred to as\u00a0<em>cofactors<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<em>prosthetic groups<\/em>. (Ref. 5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are four distinct types of protein structure: (1) primary structure, (2) secondary structure, (3) tertiary structure, and (4) quaternary structure. (Ref. 6)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong><em>primary structure<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>pertains to the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong><em>secondary structure<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;of a protein refers to the regularly repeating local structures that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Examples of a secondary structure are \u03b1-helix, \u03b2-sheet, and Turns and Loops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong><em>tertiary structure<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>(sometimes called&nbsp;<em>fold<\/em>) pertains to the spatial relationship of the secondary structures from one to another. It is often stabilized by nonlocal interactions, e.g. by disulfide bonds, salt bridges, and the formation of a hydrophobic core. This structure of the protein is what determines the fundamental function of the protein.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong><em>quaternary structure<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;refers to the protein complex, i.e. when several polypeptide chains (sometimes referred to as protein subunits) constitute it. The tertiary and quaternary structures are often called&nbsp;<strong><em>conformations<\/em><\/strong>. The protein may transition from one structure to another and the transition between tertiary and quaternary by a<strong>&nbsp;<em>conformational change<\/em><\/strong>. Conformational changes may be induced for example when a substrate binds to a protein (particularly, an enzyme) at its active site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proteins are composed of polymers of\u00a0amino acid\u00a0residues. The amino acids are joined together by\u00a0peptide bonds. Each protein is a linear\u00a0polymer\u00a0built from different\u00a0amino acids. The type and the sequence of\u00a0amino acids\u00a0in a protein are specified by the\u00a0DNA\u00a0in the\u00a0cell\u00a0that produces them. The genetic code typically specifies 20 standard amino acids. However, some organisms, such as archaea, have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-proteins"],"Cooking_time":"","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions\/96"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}