{"id":2073,"date":"2024-03-04T17:33:09","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T17:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/?p=2073"},"modified":"2024-03-04T17:33:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T17:33:10","slug":"acids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/04\/acids\/","title":{"rendered":"Acids"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

An\u00a0acid\u00a0can be thought of as a\u00a0molecule\u00a0containing at least one hydrogen cation (H+<\/sup>) attached to an anion. The nomenclature of acids depends on whether the anion contains oxygen. If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix\u00a0hydro-<\/em>\u00a0and the suffix\u00a0-ic<\/em>. For example, HCl dissolved in water is called\u00a0hydrochloric acid. Likewise, HCN and H2<\/sub>S dissolved in water are called hydrocyanic and hydrosulfuric acids, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the anion of the acid contains oxygen, the name is formed by adding the suffix\u00a0-ic<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0-ous<\/em>\u00a0to the root name of the anion. If the anion name ends in\u00a0-ate<\/em>, the\u00a0-ate<\/em>\u00a0is replaced by\u00a0-ic<\/em>\u00a0(or sometimes\u00a0-ric<\/em>). For example, H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0contains the sulfate anion (SO4<\/sub>2\u2212<\/sup>) and is called sulfuric acid; H3<\/sub>PO4<\/sub>\u00a0contains the\u00a0phosphate\u00a0anion (PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>) and is called phosphoric acid; and HC2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>O2<\/sub>, which contains the acetate\u00a0ion\u00a0(C2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>O2<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>), is called\u00a0acetic acid. For anions with an\u00a0-ite<\/em>\u00a0ending, the\u00a0-ite<\/em>\u00a0is replaced by\u00a0-ous<\/em>\u00a0in naming the acid. For example, H2<\/sub>SO3<\/sub>, which contains sulfite (SO3<\/sub>2\u2212<\/sup>), is called sulfurous acid; and HNO2<\/sub>, which contains\u00a0nitrite\u00a0(NO2<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>), is named\u00a0nitrous acid. The acids of the oxy anions of chlorine are used here to illustrate the rules for naming acids with oxygen-containing cations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Names of less common acids<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
formula<\/th>name<\/th><\/tr>
H3<\/sub>BO3<\/sub><\/th>orthoboric acid*<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub><\/th>carbonic acid<\/td><\/tr>
H3<\/sub>PO4<\/sub><\/th>orthophosphoric acid**<\/td><\/tr>
H4<\/sub>P2<\/sub>O7<\/sub><\/th>pyrophosphoric acid<\/td><\/tr>
H5<\/sub>P3<\/sub>O10<\/sub><\/th>triphosphoric acid<\/td><\/tr>
(HPO3<\/sub>)n<\/em><\/sub><\/th>metaphosphoric acid<\/td><\/tr>
(HPO3<\/sub>)3<\/sub><\/th>trimetaphosphoric acid<\/td><\/tr>
H3<\/sub>PO3<\/sub><\/th>phosphorous acid<\/td><\/tr>
H3<\/sub>PO2<\/sub><\/th>hypophosphorous acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>SO5<\/sub><\/th>peroxosulfuric acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>S2<\/sub>O6<\/sub><\/th>dithionic acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>S2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/th>thiosulfuric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HMnO4<\/sub><\/th>permanganic acid<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>
*Often called boric acid.
**Often called phosphoric acid.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Names of common acids<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
formula<\/th>name<\/th><\/tr>
HF<\/th>hydrofluoric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HCl<\/th>hydrochloric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HBr<\/th>hydrobromic acid<\/td><\/tr>
HI<\/th>hydroiodic acid<\/td><\/tr>
HCN<\/th>hydrocyanic acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>S<\/th>hydrosulfuric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HNO3<\/sub><\/th>nitric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HNO2<\/sub><\/th>nitrous acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/th>sulfuric acid<\/td><\/tr>
H2<\/sub>SO3<\/sub><\/th>sulfurous acid<\/td><\/tr>
HC2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/th>acetic acid<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
acid formula<\/th>anion<\/th>name<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
HClO4<\/sub><\/td>perchlorate<\/td>perchloric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HClO3<\/sub><\/td>chlorate<\/td>chloric acid<\/td><\/tr>
HClO2<\/sub><\/td>chlorite<\/td>chlorous acid<\/td><\/tr>
HClO<\/td>hypochlorite<\/td>hypochlorous acid<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An\u00a0acid\u00a0can be thought of as a\u00a0molecule\u00a0containing at least one hydrogen cation (H+) attached to an anion. The nomenclature of acids depends on whether the anion contains oxygen. If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix\u00a0hydro-\u00a0and the suffix\u00a0-ic. For example, HCl dissolved in water is called\u00a0hydrochloric acid. Likewise, HCN and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inorganic-compounds"],"Cooking_time":"","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2074,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073\/revisions\/2074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}