{"id":1952,"date":"2024-03-03T17:36:10","date_gmt":"2024-03-03T17:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/?p=1952"},"modified":"2024-03-03T17:36:11","modified_gmt":"2024-03-03T17:36:11","slug":"protein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/03\/protein\/","title":{"rendered":"Protein"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Protein<\/strong>, highly complex substance that is present in all living\u00a0organisms. Proteins are of great\u00a0nutritional\u00a0value\u00a0and are directly involved in the chemical processes essential for\u00a0life. The importance of proteins was recognized by\u00a0chemists\u00a0in the early 19th century, including Swedish chemist\u00a0J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, who in 1838 coined the term\u00a0<em>protein<\/em>, a word derived from the Greek\u00a0<em>pr\u014dteios<\/em>, meaning \u201cholding first place.\u201d Proteins are\u00a0species-specific; that is, the proteins of one species differ from those of another species. They are also\u00a0organ-specific; for instance, within a single organism,\u00a0muscle\u00a0proteins differ from those of the\u00a0brain\u00a0and\u00a0liver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A protein\u00a0molecule\u00a0is very large compared with molecules of sugar or salt and consists of many\u00a0amino acids\u00a0joined together to form long chains, much as beads are arranged on a string. There are about 20 different amino acids that occur naturally in proteins. Proteins of similar function have similar amino acid\u00a0composition\u00a0and sequence. Although it is not yet possible to explain all of the functions of a protein from its amino acid sequence, established correlations between structure and function can be attributed to the properties of the amino acids that compose proteins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plants\u00a0can synthesize all of the amino acids;\u00a0animals\u00a0cannot, even though all of them are essential for life. Plants can grow in a medium containing inorganic nutrients that provide\u00a0nitrogen,\u00a0potassium, and other substances essential for growth. They utilize the\u00a0carbon dioxide\u00a0in the air during the process of\u00a0photosynthesis\u00a0to form organic\u00a0compounds\u00a0such as\u00a0carbohydrates. Animals, however, must obtain organic nutrients from outside sources. Because the protein content of most plants is low, very large amounts of plant material are required by animals, such as\u00a0ruminants\u00a0(e.g., cows), that eat only plant material to meet their amino acid requirements. Nonruminant animals, including humans, obtain proteins principally from animals and their products\u2014e.g., meat, milk, and eggs. The seeds of legumes are increasingly being used to prepare inexpensive protein-rich\u00a0food\u00a0(<em>see<\/em>\u00a0human nutrition).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The protein content of animal organs is usually much higher than that of the blood\u00a0plasma. Muscles, for example, contain about 30 percent protein, the liver 20 to 30 percent, and\u00a0red blood cells\u00a030 percent. Higher percentages of protein are found in hair, bones, and other organs and tissues with a low\u00a0water\u00a0content. The quantity of free amino acids and\u00a0peptides\u00a0in animals is much smaller than the amount of protein; protein molecules are produced in\u00a0cells\u00a0by the stepwise alignment of amino acids and are released into the body fluids only after\u00a0synthesis\u00a0is complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medical Terms and Pioneers Quiz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The high protein content of some organs does not mean that the importance of proteins is related to their amount in an organism or\u00a0tissue; on the contrary, some of the most important proteins, such as\u00a0enzymes\u00a0and\u00a0hormones, occur in extremely small amounts. The importance of proteins is related principally to their function. All enzymes identified thus far are proteins. Enzymes, which are the\u00a0catalysts\u00a0of all metabolic reactions, enable an organism to build up the chemical substances necessary for life\u2014proteins,\u00a0nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and\u00a0lipids\u2014to convert them into other substances, and to degrade them. Life without enzymes is not possible. There are several protein hormones with important regulatory functions. In all vertebrates, the respiratory protein\u00a0hemoglobin\u00a0acts as\u00a0oxygen\u00a0carrier in the\u00a0blood, transporting oxygen from the\u00a0lung\u00a0to body organs and tissues. A large group of structural proteins maintains and protects the structure of the animal body.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Protein, highly complex substance that is present in all living\u00a0organisms. Proteins are of great\u00a0nutritional\u00a0value\u00a0and are directly involved in the chemical processes essential for\u00a0life. The importance of proteins was recognized by\u00a0chemists\u00a0in the early 19th century, including Swedish chemist\u00a0J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, who in 1838 coined the term\u00a0protein, a word derived from the Greek\u00a0pr\u014dteios, meaning \u201cholding first place.\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-proteins","category-uncategorized"],"Cooking_time":"","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1954,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions\/1954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}