{"id":1866,"date":"2024-03-03T16:16:50","date_gmt":"2024-03-03T16:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/?p=1866"},"modified":"2024-03-03T17:19:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-03T17:19:38","slug":"mutation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/03\/mutation\/","title":{"rendered":"Mutation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Chemical modification of DNA can lead to mutations in the genetic material. Anions such as bisulfite can deaminate&nbsp;cytosine&nbsp;to form&nbsp;uracil, changing the genetic message by causing C-to-T transitions. Exposure to acid causes the loss of&nbsp;purine&nbsp;residues, though specific enzymes exist in cells to repair these lesions. Exposure to UV light can cause&nbsp;adjacent&nbsp;pyrimidines to dimerize, while oxidative damage from free radicals or strong oxidizing agents can cause a variety of lesions that are mutagenic if not repaired. Halogens such as chlorine and bromine react directly with uracil,&nbsp;adenine, and&nbsp;guanine, giving substituted bases that are often mutagenic. Similarly,&nbsp;nitrous acid&nbsp;reacts with primary amine groups\u2014for example, converting adenosine into inosine\u2014which then leads to changes in base pairing and mutation. Many chemical mutagens, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitrites, owe their toxicity to the production of halides and nitrous acid during their metabolism in the body.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chemical modification of DNA can lead to mutations in the genetic material. Anions such as bisulfite can deaminate&nbsp;cytosine&nbsp;to form&nbsp;uracil, changing the genetic message by causing C-to-T transitions. Exposure to acid causes the loss of&nbsp;purine&nbsp;residues, though specific enzymes exist in cells to repair these lesions. Exposure to UV light can cause&nbsp;adjacent&nbsp;pyrimidines to dimerize, while oxidative damage [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nucleic-acids"],"Cooking_time":"","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1866"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1938,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1866\/revisions\/1938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cake.appscodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}